Bathurst. The first Presbyterian church was erected here in the 1850s. Early morning light on the 1872 built Presbyterian Church in Bathurst New South Wales. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Bathurst. The first Presbyterian church was erected here in the 1850s. Early morning light on the 1872 built Presbyterian Church in Bathurst New South Wales. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | A Very Brief History of Bathurst.Bathurst is the first inland town of mainland Australia and the first NSW town away from the coastal plains of Sydney. It was established by a decree of Governor Macquarie in 1815. This happened at a time when Macquarie was reluctant to open up areas to settlement and to give more land grants. But the pressures of the British Colonial Office and the rapidly developing British industrial revolution meant new supplies of wool for the Lancashire textile mills were needed. Coupled with this was the desire by freed convicts (emancipists), gentlemen settlers and others to open up the west and make a fortune. Bathurst began as a settlement with strong links to England- it was named after Lord Bathurst, the streets were named after British kings- William and George, and other streets were named after British politicians and colonial office leaders- Howick, Gladstone, Peel, Durham, Keppel and others. The first squatters were Cox, Lawson and Icely but others soon followed. They received “unofficial” land grants in 1815 which were not officially confirmed until 1823 just before Governor Macquarie was ready to leave the colony. As more white people moved into the district the town as the governor set up a depot and barracks in Bathurst. It was a convict town and military barracks. The police were needed to shoot escaped convicts and bushrangers and get the local Aboriginal people under control. The convicts in Australia were seldom incarcerated in prison; they were usually assigned as labourers to pastoralists. So Bathurst was needed to house, police and control convicts and ex-convicts and ticket of leave men (men basically on parole). So the settlement of Bathurst in 1820 consisted on a few free settlers, some wealthy pastoralists, lots of government officials and the town Commandant, and convicts. In fact in 1820 there were 16 free people, 75 convicts and 13 emancipists. The free people were soldiers and their wives. The buildings consisted of Macquarie’s Cottage, the house of the superintendent of convicts, a government store, barracks for soldiers and convicts, and a granary. The focus of town was the police barracks, a site now occupied by the City Bowling Club. In those days it was the Ordinance Ground. The early town was built by convicts and they comprised three quarters of the population. Nothing much remains of the work and effort of the convicts, except for Macquarie’s Bathurst House. After Macquarie left the colony in 1824 and settlement by free people was being encouraged more and more land grants were given. On the river flats land grants were usually 70 to 100 acres, but the large pastoral runs were obtained by land grants too during the 1820s. By 1828 the Bathurst area had over 1,200 people in it, and convicts had fallen to about 55% of all residents. The most convicts arrived in Bathurst during the 1830s, the peak time for transportation to Australia. Transportation ceased in 1850, just before the 1851 gold rushes. But even then convicts still comprised about 30% of the total population. The gold rushes changed that forever. Most of the early free settlers lived in Kelso across the river, whilst the wealthy, government officials and convicts lived in Bathurst. The town saw one of the worst conflicts in Australia between whites and the Wiradjura in 1823/24. The Aboriginal leader, Windradyne (now a suburb of Bathurst) led his people on a series of raids and attacks on sheep for food. The whites retaliated with arsenic in damper (arsenic was sued to control scab in sheep) and shooting parties. Aborigines on Kelso river flats stealing potatoes were shot and killed. In relation shepherds were killed by the Aborigines. Thirteen stockmen were killed in one month. Governor Darling declared martial law for Bathurst for six months in 1824. Government reports said 60 to 70 aborigines were killed during this time, but locals claim it was more like two hundred. Three whites were tried for murder of aboriginal people in 1824 but they were acquitted. The government had a £500 reward on the head of the leader Windradyne. This was not claimed. When he returned to Bathurst in 1829, wounded from conflict with another Aboriginal group it was Dr Busby who dressed his wounds before he died. The street where Ben Chifley lived was named after this government doctor. The early buildings of Bathurst no longer exist. The 19th century town which we can see today mainly dates from the period after the gold rushes (1851), when the town was wealthy and booming in the 1860s and 1870s. Some exceptions are: Macquarie’s Government House (1817); Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Kelso (1835); Kelsoville House in Kelso dating from 1840; the original part of the Methodist church hall (1832); and the original Anglican manse, now Miss Traill’s Cottage ( 1845). So the legacy of convict buildings is gone. The pamphlet on a historical walk around Bathurst available from the Information Centre concentrates on buildings erected between 1860 and 1900. All Saint’s Anglican Cathedral. The Anglican Diocese of Bathurst was established in 1870. It is one of seven Anglican dioceses in NSW. Samuel Marsden was installed as the first bishop. The first church, of any denomination west of the Blue Mountains is the small Anglican parish church of Kelso, a suburb of Bathurst. Holy Trinity Church in Kelso was erected in 1837. All Saint’s Church was built in Bathurst in 1848 to a design of Edmund Blacket (the designer of the Carcoar Anglican Church). The rectory, a private structure was built in 1845 and is now known as Miss Traill’s Cottage which we visit this afternoon. The public raised funds for a peel of bells for the tower. These were made in England between 1851 and 1855. They were the first church bells rung outside of any colonial capital city. When the cathedral tower was demolished in 1970 the bells were stored. In 1988(the Bi-Centenary) they were sent to England for refurbishment and then they were returned to Bathurst for storage. They were not put on display in the cathedral until 2005. St Michael’s & St John’s Catholic Cathedral. Catholic congregations began to meet in Bathurst in 1838 when 2 Irish Catholic priests were appointed to the town. A year later the first Catholic Church was started and opened in 1843. It was closed to worship in 1861 and a new church, which had been started in 1857 was opened. The new church was designed by architect Edward Gell who also planned the immense and impressive St Stanislaus College in central Bathurst. In 1865 the Catholic Church installed its first bishop (Dean Grant) in Bathurst and the parish church became the cathedral church dedicated to St John. It was greatly extended in 1960 as a centenary project. It is richly decorated. Attached to the site is a modern Cathedral School which opened in 1999. The grand Bishops House built in 1904 which was adjacent to the cathedral was demolished in the 1960s. Bathurst Court House. Bathurst Court House is undoubtedly the finest building in the city and one of the finest court houses in Australia. It was designed by James Barnet and completely opened in 1880. It is neo-classical in architectural style with many Greek and Roman features, but with added touches of Victorian flamboyance. It is 81 metres long. The façade has perfect symmetry with colonnaded verandas. The focal point is the Greek style entrance topped with an octagonal dome- a Very Victorian feature to add to a classical style building. The entrance has a fine triangular pediment, carvings, and gracious Greek columns. The wings were opened in 1877 as the post office and telegraph offices respectively. The curved two storey ends of the wings are distinctive features, but very Victorian rather than classical. The first Bathurst Court House was open by the mid 1820s. The Court still operates in the central part of the building. Miss Traill’s Cottage. This 1845 house began life as a rectory for the Anglican priest, Thomas Sharpe. It is a weatherboard Georgian style building with shady verandas and a typical 19th century cottage garden. For many years the pioneering Lee family lived in the house until Miss Ada Traill purchased the house in 1931. She bequeathed the house to the NSW National Trust in the 1976. Inside the house her collections include Bathurst and family memorabilia, antiques dating from the convict days of her ancestors to race horse mementos. The garden is known for its cool climate shrubs and flowers. Old Government House Bathurst. Governor Macquarie was so pleased with the explorations of Blaxland, Wentworth, and Lawson and Evans that he founded Bathurst in 1815 and in 1817 he had a small cottage built for himself in the town. It only opens on Sunday afternoons and is the oldest building in Bathurst and one of the oldest brick buildings in Australia. Macquarie stayed in the cottage regularly and used it as a kind of summer retreat from the rain and humidity of Sydney. Is Old Government House too grand a name for this small cottage with a shingle roof? The museum here is run by the Bathurst Historical Society. Since the 1859/60 when the red brick two storey main residence was constructed, the original Governor Macquarie cottage has served as the kitchen and servants quarters for the main house. The house and cottage were sold to a private buyer in 1847. One brick in the original cottage has a date of 1827 marked in the brick. Part of the original cottage was demolished in the very early years. In 1964 the City of Bathurst purchased the cottage for the Historical Society because of its historical importance. The single story cottage is now known as 16 Stanley Street. Bathurst Gaol. A gaol for 12 prisoners was established in Bathurst in 1830. A new larger gaol was opened in 1837. Over the years the prison grew in size especially after the discovery of gold in 1851. By 1878 the gaol had around 40 cells and accommodated 90 prisoners. In the 1880s the government decided to build a new large gaol at Bathurst. James Barnet the government architect who designed the Bathurst Court House also designed new Bathurst gaol and its striking the façade. The massive, hand-carved sandstone gate featuring an ornate sculptured lion's head holding a key - is a Victorian symbol designed to impress wrongdoers with the immense power and dignity of the Law. The key to freedom is out of reach and difficult to retrieve from the lion’s mouth! In one sense it reinforces the power and majesty of the Bathurst law courts. Note the massive doors and the fine sandstone carvings above the doors of the forerunner of the Australian coat of arms. This new prison had 308 cells and “commodious” workshops. In 1970 it became a maximum security gaol. |
| 撮影日 | 2010-01-09 06:20:12 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
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| カメラ | DSC-S950 , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.004 sec (1/250) |
| 開放F値 | f/5.7 |