Hué Citadel, Imperial Enclosure, Thai Hoa Palace : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Hué Citadel, Imperial Enclosure, Thai Hoa Palace / Arian Zwegers
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Hué, Citadel, Imperial Enclosure, Thai Hoa PalaceHuế is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế Province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of the Nguyen Dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city is located on the banks of the Perfume River, just a few miles inland from the East Sea. The city served as the administrative capital for the Nguyen dynasty, and later functioned as the administrative capital of the protectorate of Annam during the French Indochina period. As of 2018, the city population is 455,230 people (including those who are not registered residents).The city's economy is primarily built around tourism, as it contains one of the few UNESCO designated sites in Vietnam, the Complex of Hué Monuments being a tourist attraction, alongside its moat and thick stone walls. The complex encompasses the Imperial City, with palaces and shrines; the Forbidden Purple City, once the emperor's home; and a replica of the Royal Theater. Nearly 4.2 million visitors had visited the city in 2019 and much of its historic landmarks are undergoing restoration.The oldest ruins in Hué belong to the Kingdom of Lam Ap, dating back to the 4th century AD. The ruins of its capital, the ancient city of Kandapurpura is now located in Long Tho Hill, 3 kilometers to the west of the city.In 1802, Nguyen Phuc Anh (later Emperor Gia Long) succeeded in establishing his control over the whole of Vietnam, thereby making Hué the national capital.During the French colonial period, Hué was in the protectorate of Annam. It remained the seat of the Imperial Palace until 1945, when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) government was established with its capital at Hanoi, in the north.While Bao Dai was proclaimed "Head of the State of Vietnam" with the help of the returning French colonialists in 1949 (although not with recognition from the communists or the full acceptance of the Vietnamese people), his new capital was Saigon, in the south.The city was also the battleground for the Battle of Huế, which was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War. During the Republic of Vietnam period, Hué, being very near the border between the North and South, was vulnerable in the Vietnam War. In the Tet Offensive of 1968, during the Battle of Hué, the city suffered considerable damage not only to its physical features, but its reputation as well, due to a combination of the American military bombing of historic buildings held by the North Vietnamese, and the massacre at Hué committed by the communist forces.After the war's conclusion in 1975, many of the historic features of Huế were neglected because they were seen by the victorious communist regime and some other Vietnamese as "relics from the feudal regime"; the Communist Party of Vietnam doctrine described the Nguyen Dynasty as "feudal" and "reactionary". There has since been a change of policy, however, and many historical areas of the city are being restored and the city is being developed as a centre for tourism and transportation for central Vietnam.The Imperial City is a walled enclosure within the citadel of the city of Huế.After the ascension to the throne by Nguyễn Ánh in June 1802, he started construction of his new capital in 1804. Thousands of workers were ordered to build the walled citadel and ringing moat, measuring some 10 kilometres long. The original earthwork was later reinforced and faced with brick and stone resulting in 2m thick ramparts.The citadel was oriented to face the Huong River (Perfume River) to the southeast. The imperial residence itself is offset toward the southeast side of the citadel, nearer the river. A second set of tall walls and a second moat was constructed around this Imperial City, within which many edifices were added in a series of gated courtyards, gardens, pavilions and palaces. With the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, the Purple Forbidden City had many buildings and hundreds of rooms. Once vacated it suffered from neglect, termite ravages, military conflicts, and inclement weather including a number of cyclones. The Emperor's reading room, or Thai Binh Lau, built by King Khai Dinh in 1919 and completed in 1921, was a place for the king to rest in his spare time, to read books, write poems and letters, etc.The Palace of Supreme Harmony, Thai Hoa Palace, used to be the symbol of the Nguyen Dynasty. The palace, along with the courtyard, was the place of important ceremonies such as the coronation ceremonies, the king’s birthday, the envoy reception, etc.King Gia Long started the construction of Thai Hoa Palace on February 2nd 1805, three years after his enthronement. Thai Hoa Palace was completed in October 1805. In 1833, when King Minh Mang reconstructed the whole imperial city, and Thai Hoa Palace was moved to the south and rebuilt to be more imposing. In 1923, to prepare for the 40th birthday anniversary of King Khai Dinh in 1924, Thai Hoa Palace was restored on a large scale.The total area of Thai Hoa palace is 1,360 square meters. The floor of Thai Hoa Palace is 1 meter higher than the courtyard, and 2.35 meters higher than the surrounding ground. A highlight trait of this construction is the “double-house” structure with two halls linked with the other, and one roof overlapping the other roof.(sources: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_City_of_Hu%E1%BA%BF, and vietnamdiscovery.com/hue/attractions/thai-hoa-palace/) |
| 撮影日 | 2007-12-19 11:29:54 |
| 撮影者 | Arian Zwegers , Brussels, Belgium |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | Huế, Thura Thien-Hue, Vietnam 地図 |
| カメラ | Canon DIGITAL IXUS 60 , Canon |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1500) |
| 開放F値 | f/2.8 |
| 焦点距離 | 12515.55556 dpi |