Yalata Sheep Station near Fowlers Bay. Run established 1858 by Robert Barr Smith and William Swan. Homestead built in 1880. Ruins of stone horse stables and yards. At its peak it covered 2.24 million acres. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Yalata Sheep Station near Fowlers Bay. Run established 1858 by Robert Barr Smith and William Swan. Homestead built in 1880. Ruins of stone horse stables and yards. At its peak it covered 2.24 million acres. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | The first white “settlement” at Fowlers Bay was a semi-permanent whaling station between 1840 and 1843 run mainly by American sailors. Next came William Swan and Robert Barr Smith and James Anderson when they established Yalata Station in 1858-60. It stretched along the coastline from near Streaky Bay to the head of the Australian Bight. It was 42 square miles in area or nearly 27,000 acres. Swan and Barr Smith called their run Yalata meaning oyster or shellfish. They sunk wells and invested in the leasehold and they prospered from it. The partners eventually acquired other nearby runs including Bookabie, Penong, Nundroo and finally Charra from Robert Love. They then got the Nullarbor Plain run leasing a further 2,000 square miles. To house their manager the partners built a solid stone homestead in 1880 near stone sheep yards, and outbuildings. By 1885 Robert Barr Smith owned the entire run when it covered 3,500 square miles or 2,240,000 acres – a huge leasehold. In 1888 122,000 sheep were shorn at Yalata and 2,064 bales of wool was shipped out from Fowlers Bay from Yalata station. They were valued at £10 per bale or more so the wool clip of Yalata was more than £20,640 in one year. In good years the Fowlers Bay run often made a £20,000 profit. The government resumed half the run in 1890 and Williams Swan retired from the partnership to Magill. Barr Smith formed the Yalata Pastoral Company. Only a small part of the original run remained by 1904 when it was sold to George Murray who had been the station manager for some years. He sold what remained of the run in 1922 and in 1951 the SA government bought it. In 1890 the Hundreds of Caldwell (covering Fowlers Bay) and Sturdee (covering Coorabie) were declared and the first farmers took up lands for farming. Next came the two small towns. Coorabie was never surveyed as a town it was just a collection of structures around public roads but Fowlers Bay was surveyed in 1890 and gazetted as Yalata. Its name was only officially changed to Fowlers Bay in 1940 despite common usage of Fowlers Bay for a hundred years before. The famous dog (dingo) fence begins near Fowlers Bay and stretches 1,500 kilometres across SA to the NSW border where it continues along the NSW- QLD border. The fence protects the sheep industry in outback SA and NSW.Yalata Anangu Aboriginal Community. The Yalata Anangu Aboriginal Community is located 85 kms west of Fowlers Bay so it is not to be confused with old Yalata sheep station homestead location near Fowlers Bay. The South Australian Government bought a million acres of Yalata sheep Station for an Aboriginal mission in Feb 1951 for £67,500 – 14.5 square miles ( 9,280 acres) freehold and 1,470 square miles( 940,800acres) leasehold. The sad story of this Aboriginal Mission dates back to the 1932 when some of the Anangu Pitjantjatjara people of the Western Desert( the Victoria Desert) were moved south to Ooldea water soak to form Ooldea Aboriginal Mission run by the United Aborigines Mission. Until this time these nomadic traditional Aboriginal groups traversed huge areas of country across the deserts of South Australia in to Western Australia. The Ooldea Mission was close to the Nullarbor railway and the WA – SA border. But before the UAM Mission was established Daisy Bates had run her own unique mission style settlement with the Anangu people at Ooldea between 1918 and 1934. Ooldea, because it had a water supply, was always an important ceremonial and meeting place for the Anangu and Wirangu people. Deep wells were sunk at the Ooldea soak for use by the steam engines on the Transcontinental and eventually the water supply decreased in the soak and increased in salinity. The establishment of the Mission and its usage of the water depleted the water supply. After the SA government purchased old Yalata station in 1951 around 300 Anangu people were rounded up and forcibly trucked to Yalata station homestead in late 1952. This happened around the time the first nuclear tests were conducted at Maralinga. The forced removal of those people was because the British and Australian governments were preparing a nuclear testing site at Maralinga. Seven major nuclear tests were conducted here between 1956 and 1963 with the first test taking place in October 1952. The testing program closed in 1967. The scientists and workers at Maralinga knew when tests were occurring and at least turned away from the radiative blasts but the Anangu people still in the region had no such prior knowledge. Both white workers and some of the Anangu people later suffered from radioactivity diseases such as cancers and skin diseases and blindness. Anangu people still living near Maralinga reported a “black mist” descended on their country after a test 15 October 1953. In 1952 most Anangu people were moved to near Fowlers Bay but visitors from their original lands also visited, some with radiation diseases and some of those trucked to Fowlers Bay were also possibly affected by radiation sicknesses. For most it was their first time in a motor vehicle and before they left their dogs were shot as they might have suffered or would suffer radioactivity if left there. All the Anangu people were devastated by their removal from the traditional lands and the white people of Fowlers Bay gave them no welcome. They were not wanted on the outskirts of their little town whilst they were suffering from trauma and disease. But in 1954 the Lutheran Church of Australia established the Yalata Aboriginal Mission on another part of Yalata station lands about 150 kms west of Fowlers Bay. The Lutheran Church ran this mission until 1974 when it was transferred to the Yalata Aboriginal Community. It is now a modern Aboriginal community with 300 to 500 residents who mainly speak Pitjantjatjara but it is located on Wirangu lands which is problematic to the Anangu and Wirangu people. But the history of the nuclear tests lingers on with the Anangu people. They officially received the partially safe tests sites region back from the Federal government in 2009 with full return of the testing region in 2014. Tests just a couple of years ago show that some soil particles are still highly radioactive sixty years after the tests. Weathered soil particles broken down by the sun can still release radioactivity. |
| 撮影日 | 2023-08-24 14:56:57 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
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| カメラ | DSC-HX90V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1250) |
| 開放F値 | f/3.5 |