John Wesley Powell Grave in Arlington National Cemetary - Grand Canyon Geologist and Colorado River Explorer : 無料・フリー素材/写真
John Wesley Powell Grave in Arlington National Cemetary - Grand Canyon Geologist and Colorado River Explorer / Nate Loper • #ArizonaGuide ️
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | John Wesley Powell, born on March 24, 1834, and passing away on September 23, 1902, was an American geologist, U.S. Army soldier, explorer of the American West, professor at Illinois Wesleyan University, and director of significant scientific and cultural institutions. He is renowned for his 1869 geographic expedition, a three-month river journey down the Green and Colorado rivers, which included the first official U.S. government-sponsored passage through the Grand Canyon.Appointed by US President James A. Garfield, Powell served as the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey from 1881 to 1894. During his tenure, he proposed policies for the development of the arid West based on his accurate assessment of the region's conditions. Additionally, two years before becoming the director of the U.S. Geological Survey, Major Powell assumed the role of the first director of the Bureau of Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution. In this position, he actively supported research and publications related to linguistics and sociology.Powell was born in Mount Morris, New York, in 1834, to parents Joseph and Mary Powell. His father, a poor itinerant preacher, had immigrated from Shrewsbury, England, in 1831. The family embarked on a westward journey, first settling in Jackson, Ohio, then Walworth County, Wisconsin, before finally establishing their home in rural Boone County, Illinois.During his youth, Powell embarked on a series of adventures in the Mississippi River valley. In 1855, he undertook a four-month journey on foot across Wisconsin. The following year, he rowed the Mississippi River from St. Anthony, Minnesota, to the Gulf of Mexico. In 1857, he rowed down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to the Mississippi, and then traveled north to St. Louis. In 1858, he navigated the Illinois River downstream and then journeyed up the Mississippi and Des Moines rivers to central Iowa. At the age of 25 in 1859, Powell was elected to the Illinois Natural History Society.After 1867, Powell led a series of expeditions into the Rocky Mountains and the regions surrounding the Green and Colorado rivers. One of these expeditions, joined by his students and his wife, focused on collecting specimens across Colorado. In 1868, Powell, along with William Byers and five other men, became the first white explorers to successfully climb Longs Peak.In 1869, Powell embarked on a significant expedition to explore the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon. Accompanied by ten men, four boats, and provisions for ten months, he began the journey on May 24 from Green River, Wyoming. Navigating treacherous rapids, the group followed the course of the Green River until it merged with the Colorado River near present-day Moab, Utah. On August 30, 1869, after enduring challenging conditions, they completed the expedition.The initial members of the Powell expedition included: John Wesley Powell: Trip organizer and leader, a major in the Civil War. John Colton "Jack" Sumner: Hunter, trapper, and Civil War soldier. William H. Dunn: Hunter and trapper from Colorado. Walter H. Powell: Captain in the Civil War, John's brother. George Y. Bradley: Lieutenant in the Civil War and expedition chronicler. Oramel G. Howland: Printer, editor, and hunter. Seneca Howland: Soldier wounded in the Battle of Gettysburg. Frank Goodman: English adventurer. W.R. Hawkins: Cook and Civil War soldier. Andrew Hall: Scotsman, the youngest member of the expedition.In Powell's published diary, he vividly described the Utah canyons of the Colorado River, including their remarkable features such as carved walls, royal arches, glens, alcove gulches, mounds, and monuments. The expedition named one of these areas Glen Canyon.During the journey, Frank Goodman left after the first month, and Dunn and the Howland brothers departed at Separation Canyon in the third month. Their fate remains unknown, with speculation that they may have been killed by the Shivwits Band of Paiutes or by Mormons in the town of Toquerville.Powell retraced part of the 1869 route in 1871–72 with another expedition, traveling from Green River, Wyoming, to Kanab Creek in the Grand Canyon. This time, Powell employed three photographers: Elias Olcott Beaman, James Fennemore, and John K. Hillers. The expedition yielded photographs (captured by Hillers), an accurate map, and various papers. However, some experts have noted that the maps produced were more artistic representations than precise measurements. Prior to the expedition, Powell enlisted the help of Jacob Hamblin, a Mormon missionary in southern Utah, to establish diplomatic relations with Native American groups and ensure the safety of the expedition.In 1881, Powell assumed the position of the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey and served in this capacity until his resignation in 1894. Charles Walcott succeeded him in this role. In 1875, Powell published a book documenting his explorations of the Colorado River, originally titled "Report of the Exploration of the Columbia River of the West and Its Tributaries." This work was later revised and reissued in 1895 under the title "The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons." In 1889, the intellectual gatherings that Powell hosted at his home were formalized as the Cosmos Club, which continues to this day, electing members for their scholarly contributions and civic activism.During the early 1900s, the journals of the expedition crew began to be published. The first publication was Dellenbaugh's "A Canyon Voyage" in 1908. It was followed by the diary of Almon Harris Thompson in 1939, who was married to Powell's sister, Ellen Powell Thompson. The diaries of Bishop, Steward, W.C. Powell, and Jones were all published in 1947. These diaries revealed that Powell's writings contained some exaggerations and occasionally conflated activities that occurred on the second river trip with those of the first. Additionally, they disclosed that Powell, who had only one arm, wore a life jacket while the other men did not. |
| 撮影日 | 2018-10-12 11:41:43 |
| 撮影者 | Nate Loper • #ArizonaGuide ️ , Flagstaff, AZ, USA |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | Radnor Heights, Virginia, United States 地図 |
| カメラ | iPhone 7 Plus , Apple |
| 露出 | 0.002 sec (1/580) |
| 開放F値 | f/2.8 |
| 焦点距離 | 38 deg 52' 53.04" N |