Calymmochilus atratus Masi 1919 ♀ (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Eupelmidæ Eupelminæ Eupelmini) : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Calymmochilus atratus Masi 1919 ♀ (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Eupelmidæ Eupelminæ Eupelmini) / photos 1–1000
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-継承 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | 20230504153015ZW4N42.16816E12.26327G3.53E2H0Illustration for a comparative ecophylogenetic analysis of local myrmecofaunas, based on r/K selection theory and intra / interspecific parabiosis / lestobiosis, particularly focused on allochthonous and invasive species.[Calymmochilus Masi 1919: 12 (IT: 2) spp]Same specimen, anterolateral & ventral habitus. Cfr. notes¹ over the above image.Calymmochilus (κάλυμμα + χηλή) biology is very poorly known, the hosts of only 3 spp being recorded to date. G. Russo’s original material of C. russoi was associated with Phlœotribus scarabæoides and the ES specimen with Parapodia sinaica on Tamarix sp. In neither case it is known whether C. russoi was behaving as a primary or secondary parasitoid. Many Eupelmidæ are known to be hyperparasitoids through Hymenoptera; likely, the ES C. russoi had developed on a Microgastrinæ primary parasitoid. Given the sp rarity, possibly neither of the above is the true host. Host associations of the 2 other spp that have been reared are very different from those of C. russoi. Both spp belong to C. subnubilus sp-group and both are believed to attack Arachnida. The AU C. longbottomi is a parasitoid of Synsphyronus lathrius, the only Chalcidoidea recorded from a pseudoscorpion host. The type series of 3 ♀♀ & 1 ♂ was “reared from chrysalides” of S. lathrius collected from under a rock in W-AU, emerging 1995-VII-01. Incidentally, 1 C. subnubilus ♀ from FR was collected by sifting debris from a tree hollow inhabited by an owl. This type of microhabitat is also frequently inhabited by Pseudoscorpiones. Comparatively numerous conspecific specimens were collected indoors, possibly indicating a synanthropic host. In a study of Zodarion styliferum in PT, 2 hymenopteran parasitoids were discovered, a Gelis sp and C. dispar. C. dispar was found at only 1 of 18 surveyed localities. The spider lives by day in “igloo-shaped” silken retreats beneath rocks and logs. 2 eupelmid larvæ were found, each attached to the abdomen of an immobilised juvenile Z. styliferum found inside their retreats. Calymmochilus larvæ have long dorsal body setæ and pupate naked. Attention is drawn to similarities in microhabitats provided by C. longbottomi & C. dispar hosts, both being in similar-sized silken shelters beneath rocks. Possibly further Calymmochilus spp are associated with Arachnida.NOTES1. TBL 3.0 mm.REFERENCESJ.M. Heraty & J.B. Woolley 2025: Chalcidoidea of the world.J. Zhang & al. 2020: Chalcidoidea phylogeny.L. Fusu & al. 2018: Calymmochilus EU, pp. 504-508.G.A.P. Gibson 1989: Eupelmidæ phylogeny. |
| 撮影日 | 2023-05-04 15:25:00 |
| 撮影者 | photos 1–1000 |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | Trevignano Romano, Latium, Italy 地図 |
| カメラ | TG-6 , OLYMPUS CORPORATION |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1250) |
| 開放F値 | f/6.3 |
| 焦点距離 | 18 mm |
