Three Nobel Laureates, see how they run : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Three Nobel Laureates, see how they run / jurvetson
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | At the UCSF Future of the Brain gathering. My notes below. Here we have, left to right:• Elizabeth Blackburn, for telomerase• David Julius, the somatic sensations from spice and menthol (not a taste sense), now working on finding non-opioid receptors for pain management• Jennifer Doudna, CRISPR CAS9 gene editing toolsDoudna: “I started with a basic science question: how do bacteria fight off infection? We noticed viral DNA clustered in a region of the bacterial genome called the CRISPR sequence. Bacteria have an adaptive immune system at the molecular level very different from ours.” The bacteria read from those embedded viral code strips to make RNA strands that match the viral target and attach the Cas9 protein which cuts the viral RNA at that point. We have now used that tool to precisely edit the DNA of any living organism.Our lunch, I asked her about the arms race with phage, which kill ~50% of all bacteria on Earth every 48 hours. It’s an informatics arms race. The phage virus mutates/evolves more quickly than the bacteria and explores a genetic landscape too large for the bacteria to capture in its CRISPER library of attacks (which it has to replicate in each reproductive cycle).It was one of the magic moments at the Future of the Brain Summit at UCSF. Another was seeing a Parkinson’s patient with uncontrollable tremor flip a switch to turn on his DBS, and suddenly regain complete motor control, standing up from his wheelchair to walk off stage.Another patient regained the capacity for speech from a rectangular brain patch implanted between the skull and cortex, interpreted by a recurrent neural net trained on his activation patterns with a set of words (moving from 50 initially to 1000, which would cover 95% of routine communication). He addressed us: “Hola, my name is Pancho. These are my words. Welcome to the future of my brain.”30 years ago, we had no cures and there was little excitement to enter the field because there were no treatment options. Many of the talks showed how that has changed recently, with an array of new treatments from transcranial magnetic stimulation to focused ultrasound to deep brain stimulator pacemakers to psychedelics. Dementia has tripled in the past 30 years. Working on early detection. 1/3 of AD could be prevented or delayed in the 50’s. We are just starting the war on neuro-degenerative diseases. Klotho is a natural hormone made by the kidneys that makes us smarter and slows aging. It is a longevity hormone governing aging and cognitive resilience. 20% of people have a genetic predisposition to having higher levels of klotho. Chronic stress lowers it dramatically. They have found they can boost klotho levels with a belly shot. In mouse studies, the klotho shots made them resilient to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s toxins, increasing the resiliency of the brain and doubling their memory. The effect size is the same as APOE4 increasing the risk of Alzheimer’s, but in the other direction (3x reduction). Klotho does not cross the blood-brain-barrier, but it activates platelet production, which releases bioactive factors that cross into the brain and improve cognition. This was very surprising.Sleep: The human body can actually survive longer without food than it can without sleep. People who get less than 6 hours of sleep are 4x as likely to get sick from the common cold. Advice: regular schedule, even weekends. Get sunlight during day. Avoid screens and alcohol before bed.More details in comments below.• Agenda• Speaker Bios |
| 撮影日 | 2022-05-06 13:15:45 |
| 撮影者 | jurvetson , Los Altos, USA |
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| カメラ | iPhone 12 Pro Max , Apple |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1852) |
| 開放F値 | f/1.6 |