Bathurst. Historic Keppel Street with its cast iron decorative lamp posts erected in the 1920s. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Bathurst. Historic Keppel Street with its cast iron decorative lamp posts erected in the 1920s. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | A Brief History of Bathurst.Bathurst was the first inland town of mainland Australia and the first NSW town away from the coastal plains of Sydney. It was established by a decree of Governor Macquarie in 1815. This happened at a time when Macquarie was reluctant to open up areas to settlement and to give more land grants. But the pressures of the British Colonial Office and the rapidly developing British industrial revolution meant new supplies of wool for the Lancashire textile mills were needed. Coupled with this was the desire by freed convicts (emancipists), gentlemen settlers and others to open up the west and make a fortune. Bathurst began as a settlement with strong links to England- it was named after Lord Bathurst, the streets were named after British kings- William and George, and other streets were named after British politicians and colonial office leaders- Howick, Gladstone, Peel, Durham, Keppel and others. The first squatters were Cox, Lawson and Icely but others soon followed. They received “unofficial” land grants in 1815 which were not officially confirmed until 1823 just before Governor Macquarie was ready to leave the colony. As more white people moved into the district the governor set up a depot and barracks to assign convicts to pastoralists in the Bathurst region. It was a convict town with military barracks. The police were needed to shoot at or capture escaped convicts, bushrangers and to keep the local Aboriginal people under control. Convicts in Australia were seldom incarcerated in prison; they were usually assigned as labourers to pastoralists. So Bathurst was needed to house, police and control convicts and ex-convicts and ticket of leave men (men basically on parole). Bathurst in 1820 consisted of a few free settlers, some wealthy pastoralists, lots of government officials and the town Commandant and convicts. In fact there were 16 free people, 75 convicts and 13 emancipists. The free people were soldiers and their wives. The buildings consisted of Macquarie’s Cottage, the house of the superintendent of convicts, a government store, barracks for soldiers and convicts and a granary. The focus of town was the police barracks, a site now occupied by the City Bowling Club. In those days it was the Ordinance Ground. The early town was built by convicts and they comprised three quarters of the population. Nothing much remains of the work and effort of the convicts, except for Macquarie’s Bathurst House built in 1817. After Macquarie left the colony in 1824 and settlement by free people was being encouraged more and more land grants were given. On the river flats land grants were usually 70 to 100 acres, but the large pastoral runs obtained land grants too during the 1820s. By 1828 the Bathurst area had over 1,200 people in it of whom 55% were convicts. Most convicts arrived in Bathurst during the 1830s, the peak time for transportation to Australia. Transportation ceased in 1850, just before the 1851 gold rushes. But even then convicts still comprised about 30% of the total population. The gold rushes changed that forever. The town saw one of the worst conflicts in Australia between whites and the Wiradjura Aboriginal people in 1823/24. The Aboriginal leader, Windradyne (now a suburb of Bathurst) led his people on a series of raids and attacks on sheep for food. The whites retaliated with arsenic in damper (arsenic was used to control scab in sheep) and shooting parties. Aborigines on the river flats stealing potatoes were shot and killed. In retaliation shepherds were killed by the Aborigines. Thirteen stockmen were killed in one month. Governor Darling declared martial law for Bathurst for six months in 1824. Government reports said 60 to 70 Aborigines were killed during this time, but locals claimed it was more like two hundred. Three whites were tried for murder of Aboriginal people in 1824 but they were acquitted. The government had a £500 reward on the head of the leader Windradyne. This was not claimed. When he returned to Bathurst in 1829, wounded from conflict with another Aboriginal group, it was Dr Busby who dressed his wounds before he died. The street where Ben Chifley lived was named after Dr Busby.The early buildings of Bathurst no longer exist. The 19th century town which we can see today mainly dates from the period after the gold rushes (1851), when the town was wealthy and booming in the 1860s and 1870s. So the legacy of convict buildings is gone. (1). All Saint’s Anglican Cathedral. The Anglican Diocese of Bathurst was established in 1870. It is one of seven Anglican dioceses in NSW. Samuel Marsden was installed as the first bishop. The first church, of any denomination west of the Blue Mountains was the Anglican Church at Kelso erected in 1837. All Saint’s Church was built in Bathurst in 1848 to a design of Edmund Blacket (the designer of the Carcoar Anglican Church). The public raised funds for a peel of bells for the tower. These were made in England between 1851 and 1855. They were the first church bells rung outside of any colonial capital city. When the cathedral tower was demolished in 1970 the bells were stored until put on display in the cathedral in 2005. (2). St Michael’s & St John’s Catholic Cathedral. Catholic congregations began to meet in Bathurst in 1838 when two Irish Catholic priests were appointed to the town. A year later the first Catholic Church was started and opened in 1843. It was closed to worship in 1861 and a new church, which had been started in 1857 opened. The new church was designed by architect Edward Gell who also planned the immense and impressive St Stanislaus College in central Bathurst. In 1865 the Catholic Church installed its first bishop (Dean Grant) in Bathurst and the parish church became the cathedral church dedicated to St John. It was greatly extended in 1960 as a centenary project. It is richly decorated. The grand Bishops House built in 1904 which was adjacent to the cathedral was demolished in the 1960s. (3). Ben Chifley House. The cottage is a monument to Ben Chifley who was known as 'the man of the people'. The house shows the domestic life of Ben who rose from humble beginnings as an engine driver on the railways to Prime Minister during the critical period of post-World War II reconstruction. The small five roomed cottage was given to Elizabeth by her father as a wedding present. Prime Minister Gough Whitlam opened it as a museum in 1972. In 1912 Chifley met his future wife Elizabeth McKenzie a staunch Presbyterian. Chifley took the brave and unusual step of defying the Papal decree which forbade Catholics from marrying outside the Church when he wed Elizabeth in 1914. Ben and Elizabeth worshipped in their separate churches. In 1915 Elizabeth had a miscarriage and no children ever followed after this. She became a semi-invalid and stayed in Bathurst. She only made the trip to Canberra a few times. Ben returned to Bathurst on alternate weekends, but his charm and good looks made him popular with women. In the 1920s he began a long term love affair with two sisters from Bathurst, Phyllis and Nell Donnelly. Phyllis became his personal secretary when he was as a unionist, politician and Prime Minster. Ben Chifley never lived in the Lodge, perhaps because of this affair. He and Phyllis lived in the Kurrajong Hotel in Canberra. It was Phyllis who was with him the night he died of a heart attack in 1951.(4). Bathurst Court House. Bathurst Courthouse is undoubtedly the finest building in the city and one of the finest courthouses in Australia. It was designed by James Barnet and completed in 1880. It is neo-classical in style with many Greek and Roman features, but with added touches of Victorian flamboyance. It is 81 metres long. The façade has perfect symmetry with colonnaded verandas. The focal point is the Greek style entrance topped with an octagonal dome- a very Victorian feature. The entrance has a fine triangular pediment, carvings, and gracious Greek columns. The wings were opened in 1877 as the Post Pffice and telegraph offices respectively. The curved two storey ends of the wings are distinctive features. The first Bathurst Courthouse was open by the mid-1820s. The Court still operates in the central part. You can enter the foyer below the dome. (4). Old Government House Bathurst. Governor Macquarie was so pleased with the explorations of Blaxland, Wentworth, and Lawson and Evans that he founded Bathurst in 1815 and in 1817 he had a small cottage built for himself in the town. It is one of the oldest brick buildings in Australia and undoubtedly built by convicts. Macquarie stayed in the cottage regularly and used it as a kind of summer retreat from the rain and humidity of Sydney. The house and cottage were sold to a private buyer in 1847. One brick in the original cottage has a date of 1827 marked in the brick. Part of the original cottage was demolished in the very early years. In 1964 the City of Bathurst purchased the cottage for the Historical Society because of its historical importance. The single story cottage is now known as 16 Stanley Street near the corner of George St. (6). St Stanislaus Catholic College- 220 Bentinck Street. This is one of the largest and most massive buildings in Bathurst. The first St Stanislaus High School for boys opened in 1867. Due to the urgings of the Bishop of Bathurst, Matthew Quinn, a new college was designed and erected. Local architect Edward Gell, who had studied under Pugin (the great 19th century English architect), designed the structure. He had arrived in Bathurst earlier to design the Cathedral of St Michael and St John. He built many of the churches and public buildings of Bathurst. The first section of the grand college opened in 1873, being attended by 4,000 people! The Vicentian Fathers from Ireland ran the college in its early days. The building has elaborate brickwork with red and black brick banding of the window lintels, and different bonds including English bond. One of the early Fathers, Fr. Slattery, was in the forefront of X-ray research and the college has a small museum dedicated to his work. (7) Street Lamps. Look at the wonderful Art Nouveau style street light with gum leaves and nuts. They were erected in 1924 to replace the former gas street lights. There are about 200 of them. (8) Machattie Park. Opened 1890 after the old gaol demolished in 1888. It features a bandstand, curator’s cottage, fernery and magnificent English trees and the Begonia House. It has the red brick carillon 1933 and a statue of explorer Evans. The Begonia House display usually finishes at the end of April but it varies with the weather and might be open. (9) The Aust Fossil Museum was the old Gothic school. Built in 1876. It is in Howick Street literally behind the Anglican Cathedral but you have to walk one city block to get to it. On the way is the beautiful Presbyterian Church built in 1872. (10) The Dutch gabled Railway station and Art Gallery. This was built in 1876 and is still the station with its double Dutch curved gables. Walk three blocks down from the Catholic Cathedral in Keppel Street. Half way down the Bathurst Regional Art Gallery is on your right. It was built in 1989 although the collection started in 1955. It has 1,300 works including paintings by Grace Cossington Smith, John Olsen, Donald Friend, Lloyd Rees and Fred Williams. Next to the railway station is the two storey station master’s residence built around 1876. |
| 撮影日 | 2021-05-03 14:31:47 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
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| カメラ | DSC-HX90V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.003 sec (1/320) |
| 開放F値 | f/3.5 |