Bituminous coal (Fire Clay Coal, Middle Pennsylvanian, ~312 Ma; Rt. 15 roadcut near Hazard Community College, Hazard, Kentucky, USA) 3 : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Bituminous coal (Fire Clay Coal, Middle Pennsylvanian, ~312 Ma; Rt. 15 roadcut near Hazard Community College, Hazard, Kentucky, USA) 3 / James St. John
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Bituminous coal from the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky, USA. (bedding plane view; ~7.0 centimeters across at its widest)Coal is an organic-rich, biogenic sedimentary rock. It burns in a fire and so is an important fossil fuel and energy source. Coal is compressed and altered plant material that accumulated as peat in ancient swamp environments. It is carbon-rich, lightweight, and usually black-colored. Coal is composed of organic matter (CHONS - carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen-sulfur chemicals), volatile hydrocarbons, moisture (water), ash (= microscopic mineral matter that doesn't burn - usually quartz and clay minerals), and pyrite (fool's gold, or iron sulfide - FeS2), which is an undesirable impurity.This is a sample of bituminous coal from Kentucky. It is one of numerous varieties of coal. Varietal names I have encountered in the literature include: lignite coal, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, anthracite coal, semianthracite coal, meta-anthracite, cannel coal, semicannel coal, canneloid coal, subcannel coal, boghead coal, bone coal, and stone coal.Bituminous coal is one of the "soft coals". It has 45 to 85% carbon content. It is sooty, smoky-burning, has blocky weathering, and is horizontally laminated when seen in cross-section.The stratigraphic name of this coal horizon, the "Fire Clay Coal", is in reference to a volcanic ash bed immediately below it. The ash bed has been diagenetically altered and is often given the nickname "fire clay", or "tonstein". The Fire Clay Tonstein has been isotopically dated to 312 million years old.Stratigraphy: Fire Clay Coal, Hyden Formation, Breathitt Group, Atokan Series (upper Duckmantian), Middle Pennsylvanian, ~312 MaLocality: roadcut on the southwestern side of Rt. 15, due southwest of Hazard Community College, southern side of the town of Hazard, Perry County, southeastern Kentucky, USA (37° 14’ 02.07” North latitude, 83° 10’ 37.41” West longitude) |
| 撮影日 | 2019-03-03 14:12:43 |
| 撮影者 | James St. John |
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