Plaça Universitat : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Plaça Universitat / Francis Lenn
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Universitat de Barcelona.Edifici històric. Arquitecte Elies Rogent, 1863-1872Any de Construcció: 1863-1872Adreça: Av. Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585Edifici exempt que ocupa pràcticament les dues illes de l’Eixample, envoltat d’un jardí interessant tant per la concepció com per les espècies que conté. Organitzat a partir d’una planta en forma de U, col·locada inicialment al centre les dependències representatives i a cada un dels extrems les facultats de ciències i de lletres. Les dues torres quadrades, resoltes quasi com campanars, que coronen els extrems de la façana ajuden a donar la idea de “temple laic” que té l’edifici.Universitat de Barcelona, institució:Els seus orígens resideixen en l'Estudi de Medicina que Martí I l'Humà volgué atorgar a la ciutat en 1401, sense el beneplàcit del Consell de Cent, que creia envaïdes les seves competències; igualment, l'Estudi General de Lleida va protestar, ja que això trencaria el seu virtual monopoli de l'ensenyament superior a la Corona d'Aragó. Mig segle després , el 1450, el rei Alfons el Magnànim va fundar l'Estudi General de Barcelona, és a dir, l'actual universitat. Incorporà algunes institucions d'ensenyament existents, com l'escola de la Catedral o les escoles municipals. Per això, la universitat va tenir, al contrari que d'altres, un marcat caràcter municipal, amb poc control per part de la corona.Les classes s'impartien a diferents llocs: la catedral, el convent dels franciscans i el dels dominicans. La primera seu pròpia va ser un edifici construït a la part superior de la Rambla, a tocar de la muralla (a Canaletes, tocant la Plaça de Catalunya i el portal de Santa Anna), inaugurat el 1536.La Universitat de Barcelona va ser suprimida el 1715, juntament amb totes les universitats catalanes (Tarragona, Girona, Solsona, Vic i Lleida): en virtut del Decret de Nova Planta, totes les universitats del país van desaparèixer per a formar-ne una de nova amb seu a Cervera (la Segarra). El motiu del trasllat a Cervera va ser que com a recompensa del suport dels cerverins cap a Felip d'Anjou en la Guerra de Successió, aquests van demanar tenir a la ciutat drets portuaris. Felip V va desestimar aquesta petició, però a canvi va concedir moure instal·lar a Cervera l'única universitat que hi hauria a Catalunya durant uns 150 anys, fins que va retornar a Barcelona altra vegada al segle XIX. Allí van formar-se, per exemple, Jaume Balmes o Josep Finestres.Article principal: Universitat de CerveraEl 1837 va començar de nou el trasllat de la universitat: la de Cervera va ser suprimida i es va acordar que la universitat tornés a Barcelona. El trasllat va durar cinc anys, acabant el 1842. La Universitat de Barcelona, ja amb aquest nom, va ser llavors l'única universitat en funcionament a Catalunya.El curs 1838-1839 comença a funcionar a Barcelona, on ocupà primer l'antic convent dels carmelites (al carrer del Carme, a l'alçada del carrer del Doctor Dou). La situació de l'edifici, en mal estat de conservació després dels avalots de 1835, aconsellava la construcció d'una nova seu. Elies Rogent va rebre'n l'encàrrec, començant les obres el 1863 i acabant-se en 1882. Era un edifici de nova construcció a l'Eixample, però a tocar de la ciutat antiga; actualment és conegut com a Edifici Històric). S'hi feien totes les classes, llevat de les de medicina, que es donaven a l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i, des del 1905, a l'Hospital Clínic.-------Universitat de Barcelona (Barcelona's university)Edifici històric (historical building). Architect, Elies Rogent, 1863-1872Year of construction: 1863-1872Address: Av. Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585University of Barcelona, institution:The University was founded under the royal prerogative granted by Alfonso V of Aragon, in Naples, on 3 November 1450. For forty-nine years prior to this, however, the city had had a fledgling medical school (or Estudi General, as the universities were known at that time), founded by King Martin of Aragon, but neither the Consell de Cent (Barcelona's Council of One Hundred) nor the city’s other leading institutions had given it their official recognition, considering it an intrusion on their respective jurisdictions. Alphonse the Magnanimous’ prerogative, though, was granted at the petition of the Consell de Cent, and so the council was always to consider the Estudi General created in 1450 as the city’s true university, since it was very much under its control and patronage.The process that culminated in the foundation of the Estudi General of Barcelona can be traced back to the end of the fourteenth century, with the opening of a number of schools under the patronage of the City Hall, the cathedral schools and the Dominican convent of Santa Caterina, which established itself as a major cultural centre.It was King Martín the Humane who set in motion the process that would result in the foundation of the University of Barcelona. In his letter written 23 January 1398 and addressed to the councillors of Barcelona, he informed them that he had sought the Pope’s permission to found a university in the city by Juan Carlos IXDespite the Consell de Cent's refusal to accept the concession issued by the King to found an estudi general, on 10 January 1401, Martín founded the Estudi General of Medicine in Barcelona under his royal prerogative, granting it the same privileges as those enjoyed by the University of Montpellier.In another document, signed in Valencia on 9 May 1402, King Martin sought to promote the Estudi General of Medicine with the appointment of a number of teachers of the liberal arts, without which the study of medicine was virtually useless. From that day forth, the Estudi was known as the Estudi of Medicine and the Arts.The prerogative granted by King Alphonse the Magnanimous in 1450, authorizing the Consell de Cent to found a university in Barcelona, was the culmination of the process initiated in 1398.The first university in the lands of the Crown of Aragon was founded by king James II of Aragon in Lleida in 1300.Power and learning have always gone hand in hand. So much so that the discussions concerning the foundation of the first universities were characterized by the clear delimitation of jurisdictional authority. After 1229, and following a series of bloody encounters in Paris that saw grave confrontations between the agents of the university provost and the students, King Philip II of Spain granted full judicial authority to the university chancellor or rector within the university grounds. Henceforth, the authority of the chancellor came to be symbolized in the maces carried by his two beadles on official occasions. The maces were capped with gold or silver and were borne by public servants during official acts before the king or any other civil or military authority with jurisdiction over a territory, municipality or region.For a number of reasons, in particular the civil war that raged during the reign of Joan II and the subsequent conflicts involving the peasant farmers, the official Estudi General of Barcelona did not begin to develop until the reign of Fernando the Catholic; but it was under Charles I, in 1536, that the foundation stone was laid for the new university building at the top end of La Rambla. From that moment on the university began to carry out its work as normal despite financial difficulties and in-fighting between university teachers, though this was not to stop some illustrious professors from making their mark in their respective fields and creating their own schools of academic followers.The 1596 Ordinances once more showed the need for reform. These followed hard on the heels of earlier Ordinances passed in 1539 and 1559, in which the competitive examination system for the appointment of professors had been introduced.This period was brought to a close with the Decree issued on 23 October 1714 by the Royal High Commission for Justice and Government of Catalonia - created by the Duke of Berwick - ordering the immediate transfer of the Faculties of Philosophy, Law and Canon Law to Cervera. Barcelona was to keep its Faculty of Medicine and the Cordelles School of Humanities, governed by the Jesuits. Plans to open the University of Cervera did not get underway until 1715 and it did not start its academic work until 1717, as the successor to the six Catalan universities closed down by Felipe V. The first statutes of the new University of Cervera were passed in 1725."The University of Barcelona was closed by the Bourbon dynasty after the War of the Spanish Succession from 1714 until 1837".[1] The university was restored to Barcelona during the liberal revolution during the reign of Isabel II. In 1837, the University of Cervera was transferred to Barcelona, the capital of the principality. From that moment forth it was recognized as the cultural home of the four Catalan provinces.On its return the University was housed initially in the Convent of Carme, which had been disestablished a few years earlier. Here the Faculties of Canon Law, Law and Theology were provisionally installed. The Faculty of Medicine took up residence in the Royal Academy of Medicine, next door to the Hospital of Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Thus, all the Faculties were now located in just two streets - carrer Hospital and carrer del Carme.The inadequate nature of these premises soon gave rise to the need to construct a larger home for the University, and in 1863 work began on Elies Rogent's splendid new building, though it would not be fully completed until 1882. Its construction was to have major repercussions for the city, since it was one of the first buildings to be raised outside the ancient city walls.Work on the building lasted for more than twenty years, although by 1871 the first lectures were being given there. The clock and the iron bell housed in the tower in the Pati de Lletres— the "Patio of the Arts"— were installed in 1881. Complementing the building work, sculptures and paintings were commissioned either directly from artists of repute or awarded in open competition.The architectural work and the quality of the building's works of art meant that the historic building was declared a national monument of historic and artistic interest in 1970.--------Universidad de Barcelona, institución:Los orígenes de la UB se remontan a la época de Martín I, el humano, el cual quiso otorgar a Barcelona El estudio de la medicina. Delante de esta situación, la organización del Consejo de ciento se negó.En época de Alfonso, el magnánimo la UB se inauguró en 1450 por una bula otorgada previamente por el Papa. Tres siglos más tarde, en el siglo XVIII, la sede fue trasladada a Cervera (Lérida) en agradecimiento a los habitantes por dar apoyo a Felipe de Anjou durante la Guerra de Sucesión Española.En 1842 la sede volvió a Barcelona ocupando unos antiguos palacios de la calle del Carme y más tarde un edificio nuevo en l'Eixample construido por Elies Rogent. 90 años más tarde, el gobierno de la Primera República otorgó a la UB autonomía propia, pasándose a llamar Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (no confundirse con la actual UAB). Pero con la llegada de la dictadura de Franco, la autonomía fue derogada en 1939, entrando en una época de decadencia: gran parte del profesorado fue sustituido por docentes acordes al nuevo régimen que terminó con un periodo de crisis intelectual.La UB fue la única universidad de Cataluña y las Islas Baleares existente hasta 1968, cuando se inició un proceso que duró hasta la década de los 90 que originó el resto de universidades catalanas y la Universidad de las Islas Baleares. Paralelamente, la propia UB inició un proyecto de expansión, creando diferentes facultades por todo el territorio barcelonés: el campus de Pedralbes, de Sants, de Bellvitge y Mundet. |
| 撮影日 | 2009-06-10 16:35:00 |
| 撮影者 | Francis Lenn |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | Barcelona, Catalunya, España 地図 |
| カメラ | DSC-S650 , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.004 sec (1/250) |
| 開放F値 | f/7.6 |