#90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 HUDF center top left : 無料・フリー素材/写真
#90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 HUDF center top left / rmforall@gmail.com
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| 説明 | #90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 HUDF center top leftThis image is 6.3x6.3 arc-seconds, 3.965% of the area of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,which is 186 arc-seconds wide and high = 3.1 arc-minutes= 1/10 width of the Full Moon or Sun, about 0.5 degrees,so the HUDF is about 1% of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun.Rich Murray,MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,BS MIT 1964 history and physics,254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932-1918,rmforall@gmail.com,505-819-7388 cell,619-623-3468 home,rmforall.blogspot.comshort introduction re viewing lovely subtle earliest structures in HUDF: AstroDeep, Rich Murray 2009.02.23I've found since 2005 myriad ubiquitous bright blue sources, always on a darker fractal 3D web, along with a variety of sizes of irregular early galaxies, in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, simply by increasing the gamma from 1.00 to 2.00 and saturating the colors, while minimizing the green band to simplify the complex overlays of complex fractal structures.Dozens of these images, covering the entire HUDF in eight ~20 MB segments, are available for viewing at many scales [ To change the size of images on Windows PCs, use Control - and + ] on www.Flickr.com at the "rmforall" photostream. Try #86 for the central 16% of the HUDF.ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17 2009.01.20rmforall.blogspot.com/2008/08/ubiquitous-bright-blue-1-12...tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of 3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.htmlNotable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting, 1 to a dozen or so pixels, as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.htmlHubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building BlocksRich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-22981943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messagesgroups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messageswww.sfcomplex.org Santa Fe ComplexYou are welcome to visit me and share your comments as I share these images at home on a 4X8 foot screen -- no fee.Anyone may view and download for free 91 images, presenting the HUDF in eight 20 MB pieces at rmforall at www.FlickR.com -- #86 is about 20% of the HUDF in their red and blue colors, as leaving out the green greatly simplifies interpreting the overlapping layers of transparent fractal webs of gas with a wide range of sizes of rather distant sources, beyond z = 5._____________________________________________________________astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.10 MB flickr.com rmforall #90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 px HUDF center top left: Lillian J Kelly: Rich Murray 2008.12.30The attachment is my image from my hard drive:astrodeep200407aab10ada.png www.flickr.com www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/3103426063/ #90 astrodeep200407aab10ada.png 3.68 MB 1244X1243 px HUDF center top leftClick on All Sizes to see and download the Original or find it directly atfarm4.static.flickr.com/3161/3103426063_df229d2202_o.pngIn Windows Vista, use CTRL +/= over and over to magnify images,and CRTL _/- to reduce.You can also go to Control Panel to Ease of Accessto Ease of Access Centerto Optimize visual displayto turn on Magnifier,which creates a box of any size and location that magnifiesfrom 1 to 16 times in width and height,whatever area the cursor is pointed at on any image on the screen.You can even make "stereo" pairs side by side,by setting Magnifier to 1X,and putting its box to the left or right half of the screen,and using the cursor to adjustuntil the two images are matching and side by side.Then if you can, gaze with crossed eyes at the two images to get a third image in between,which may well look 3D and have much more detail.This image is 6.3x6.3 arc-seconds, 3.965% of the area of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,which is 186 arc-seconds wide and high = 3.1 arc-minutes= 1/10 width of the Full Moon or Sun, about 0.5 degrees,so the HUDF is about 1% of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun,while the image is 4% of 1/1,000 of the area of the HUDF, so the image is about 4/100,000 of the area of the square that holds the Full Moon or Sun.The image is 6.3 are-seconds wide and high,while the pixels are 0.03 arc-seconds wide in the original HUDF.The background of many small blue spots are about 1-10 pixels in area.I have used a simple, low-cost program, MGI PhotoSuite 4.0 to process these images:double the Gamma to 2.00,raise the color saturation,shift colors a bit to accentuate the reds,remove most of the Green band,so the image is mostly made of Blue (coding for visible blue),with Red codes for the invisible infrared just longer in wavelength than visible red.Mixed Blue and Red make green, yellow, orange, red, and white.However these colors are downshifted in frequency (lengthened in wavelength)more and more the more they are distant in space (light travel time from us):The "Little Feller", like the figure "8" in the top centerto the right of the red galaxy with a red swirl on the right,has been measured to be at redshift distance z = 4.88, so its light is changed by a factor of 4.88 --its apparent reds, oranges, and yellows represent radiation in the hot ultraviolet,and its age from us is about 13 billion years,about a billion years after the Big Bang,13.7 billion = 13,700 million years ago.The Sun and solar system are 4.6 billion = 4,600 million years ago.The myriad tiny background blue spots,along with some green ones,always on a dark 3D fractal mesh,are probably the first stars,made of pure hydrogen and helium,about 100-100 solar masses in size,extremely hot and short-lived,exploding as hypernovae after 1-2 million years,often with intense bipolar jets,often leaving relic neutron stars and black holes,flinging new elements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen into space to become the substance of later generations of stars,which are closer to us in space (nearer in time), smaller, more numerous, cooler, longer-lived, collecting together by gravity to make clouds, clusters, dwarf galaxies, clump cluster galaxies, irregular galaxies, and mature galaxies,flat slowly rotating spirals and rounded ellipticals,which often collide, especially at firstbefore the constant expansion of space-time separated them more and more -- the expansion of space-time itself that originated from a minute region in a source realitythat had at least 10 dimensions of space and one of time -- the Big Bang.So, we see far-away early gatherings of hot blue and green objects,and closer (nearer to us in time) more numerous gatherings of cooler red objects,which all seem exist as a 3D fractal network of twisted tubes,rather transparent, as there was little dust in early time to darken light.It is well known that for every mass of ordinary matter, gas, dust, stars, there is about 6 times more mass of completely invisible dark matter, which pulls itself together by gravity into a 3D fractal network, makingthe scaffold that ordinary matter collects within.Dark matter surrounds glalaxies and superclusters of galaxies,bending light gently by gravity, so that the dark matter appears as subtle transparent bubblesagainst the complex background of deeper structures.Additionally the cosmic zoo may include galaxy-wide strings ofcondensed space-time geometry, formed during the Big Bang,that are massive enough to bend lightand make double twin images of objects far behind them from us.ubiquitous bright blue 1-12 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in five 2007.09.06 IR and visible light HUDF images, Nor Pirzkal, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E Rhoads, Chun Xu, -- might be clusters of earliest hypernovae in recent cosmological simulations: Rich Murray 2008.08.17rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htmSunday, August 17, 2008groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/25groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/85www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/1349101458/in/photostream/The 5 closeups are about 2.2x2.2 arc-seconds wide and high, about 70x70 pixels.The HUDF is 315x315 arc-seconds, with N at top and E at left.Each side has 10,500x10,500 pixels at 0.03 arc-second per pixel.Click on All Sizes and select Original to view the highest resolution image of3022x2496 pixels, which can be also be conveniently seen directly at their Zoomable image:www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.htmlNotable in the deep background of the five closeups are ubiquitous bright blue sources, presumably extremely hot ultraviolet before redshifting,1 to a dozen or so pixels,as single or short lines of spots, and a few irregular tiny blobs, probably, as predicted in many recent simulations, the earliest massive, short-lived hypernovae, GRBs with jets at various angles to our line of sight, expanding bubbles, earliest molecular and dust clouds with light echoes and bursts of star formation, and first small dwarf galaxies, always associated with a subtle darker 3D random fractal mesh of filaments of H and He atomic gases.As a scientific layman, I am grateful for specific cogent, civil feedback, based on the details readily visible in images in the public domain.www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0714a.htmlHubble and Spitzer Uncover Smallest Galaxy Building BlocksIn this image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, several objects are identifiedas the faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distantUniverse.They are so far away that we see them as they looked less than one billionyears after the Big Bang.Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of the newlydiscovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller than our MilkyWay Galaxy.The bottom row of pictures shows several of these clumps (distance expressedin redshift value).Three of the galaxies appear to be slightly disrupted.Rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appear stretched intotadpole-like shapes.This is a sign that they may be interacting and merging with neighboringgalaxies to form larger structures.The detection required joint observations between Hubble and NASA's SpitzerSpace Telescope.Blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars.The absence of red light from Spitzer observations conclusively shows thatthese are truly young galaxies without an earlier generation of stars.Credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)Id: heic0714aObject: HUDF, UDF, Hubble Ultra Deep FieldType: CosmologyInstrument: ACSWidth: 2750Height: 3312DownloadsImageswww.spacetelescope.org/images/original/heic0714a.tifFullsize Original 17.085 MBwww.alternatiff.com/view with free software AlternaTIFFalternatiff-1_8_4.exe for Firefox browserLarge JPEG3,422 KBScreensize JPEG387 KBwww.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0714a.htmlZoomableCopyright-free material (more info).www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMCGRMPQ5F_index_1.htmlhubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/31/image/www.spitzer.caltech.edu/www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.htmlwww.spacetelescope.org/news/text/heic0714.txtHEIC0714: EMBARGOED UNTIL 18:00 (CEST)/12:00 PM EDT 06 September, 2007www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0714.htmlNews release:Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes find "Lego-block" galaxies in earlyUniverse06-September 2007 The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASASpitzer Space Telescope have joined forces to discover nine of thesmallest, faintest, most compact galaxies ever observed in the distantUniverse. Blazing with the brilliance of millions of stars, each of thenewly discovered galaxies is a hundred to a thousand times smaller thanour Milky Way Galaxy.The conventional model for galaxy evolution predicts that small galaxiesin the early Universe evolved into the massive galaxies of today bycoalescing. Nine Lego-like "building block" galaxies initially detectedby Hubble likely contributed to the construction of the Universe as weknow it. "These are among the lowest mass galaxies ever directlyobserved in the early Universe" says Nor Pirzkal of the European SpaceAgency/STScI.Pirzkal was surprised to find that the galaxies' estimated masses wereso small. Hubble's cousin observatory, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescopewas called upon to make precise determinations of their masses. TheSpitzer observations confirmed that these galaxies are some of thesmallest building blocks of the Universe.These young galaxies offer important new insights into the Universe'sformative years, just one billion years after the Big Bang. Hubbledetected sapphire blue stars residing within the nine pristine galaxies.The youthful stars are just a few million years old and are in theprocess of turning Big Bang elements (hydrogen and helium) into heavierelements. The stars have probably not yet begun to pollute thesurrounding space with elemental products forged within their cores."While blue light seen by Hubble shows the presence of young stars, itis the absence of infrared light in the sensitive Spitzer images thatwas conclusive in showing that these are truly young galaxies without anearlier generation of stars," says Sangeeta Malhotra of Arizona StateUniversity in Tempe, USA, one of the investigators.The galaxies were first identified by James Rhoads of Arizona StateUniversity, USA, and Chun Xu of the Shanghai Institute of TechnicalPhysics in Shanghai, China. Three of the galaxies appear to be slightlydisrupted -- rather than being shaped like rounded blobs, they appearstretched into tadpole-like shapes. This is a sign that they may beinteracting and merging with neighbouring galaxies to form larger,cohesive structures.The galaxies were observed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) withHubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera andMulti-Object Spectrometer as well as Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera andthe European Southern Observatory's Infrared Spectrometer and ArrayCamera. Seeing and analysing such small galaxies at such a greatdistance is at the very limit of the capabilities of the most powerfultelescopes. Images taken through different colour filters with the ACSwere supplemented with exposures taken through a so-called grism whichspreads the different colours emitted by the galaxies into short"trails". The analysis of these trails allows the detection of emissionfrom glowing hydrogen gas, giving both the distance and an estimate ofthe rate of star formation. These "grism spectra" -- taken with Hubbleand analysed with software developed at the Space Telescope-EuropeanCoordinating Facility in Munich, Germany -- can be obtained for objectsthat are significantly fainter than can be studied spectroscopicallywith any other current telescope.# # #Notes for editorsThe Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperationbetween ESA and NASA.Pirzkal's main collaborators were Malhotra, Rhoads, Xu, and the GRismACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) team.Image credit: NASA, ESA and N. Pirzkal (European Space Agency/STScI)If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, pleasesend an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name.For more information, please contact:Nor Pirzkal ;European Space Agency/Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USATel: 410-338-4879Lars Lindberg Christensen ;Hubble/ESA, Garching, GermanyTel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621Ray Villard ;Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USATel: +1-410-338-4514Whitney ClavinJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USATel: +1-818-354-4673AST HUDF Spitzer IR 9 galaxies z 4-5.7, N Pirzdal, S Malhotra, JE Rhoads, C Xu, 2007.05.01 28pwww.spacetelescope.org/news/science_paper/0612513.pdfarXiv:astro-ph/0612513v2 1 May 2007Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-a galaxies at z about 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass populationN. Pirzkal 1,2,S. Malhotra 3,J. E. Rhoads 3,C. Xu 4ABSTRACTHigh redshift galaxies selected on the basis of their strong Lyman-a emission tend to be young ages and small physical sizes.We show this by analyzing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 9 Lyman-a emitting (LAE) galaxies at 4.0 < z < 5.7 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).Rest-frame UV to optical 700A < wavelength < 7500A luminosities, or upper limits, are used to constrain old stellar populations.We derive best fit, as well as maximally massive and maximally old, properties of all 9 objects.We show that these faint and distant objects are all very young, being most likely only a few millions years old, and not massive, the mass in stars being about 10E6 to 10E8 M sun.Deep Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of these objects,even in cases where objects were not detected,were crucial in constraining the masses of these objects.The space density of these objects, about 1.25 x 10E-4 per cubic Mpc is comparable to previously reported space density of LAEs at moderate to high redshifts.These Lyman-a galaxies show modest star formation rates of about 8 M sun per year, which is nevertheless strong enough to have allowed these galaxies to assemble their stellar mass in less than a few 10E6 years.These sources appear to have small physical sizes, usually smaller than 1 Kpc, and are also rather concentrated.They are likely to be some of the least massive and youngest high redshift galaxies observed to date.Subject headings: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high redshift, galaxies: formation, galaxies: structure, surveys, cosmology1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA2 Affiliated with the Space Science Telescope Division of the European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands3 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ4 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai, P.R. China 200083____________________________________________________________See similar images:notable bright blue tiny sources on darker 3D fractal web in HUDF VLT ESO28 images from 506 galaxies, z about 6 , RJ Bouwens, GD Illingworth,JP Blakeslee, M Franx 2008.02.04 draft 36 page: Rich Murray 2008.08.17rmforall.blogspot.com/2008/08/notable-bright-blue-tiny-so...tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/26groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/86bright blue 1-4 pixel sources on darker 3D fractal web in IR and visible lightHUDF images -- might be the clusters of earliest hypernovae in theNaoki Yoshida and Lars Hernquist simulation: Rich Murray 2008.07.31rmforall.blogspot.com/2008/07/bright-blue-1-4-pixel-sourc...tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/24groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/84____________________________________________________________Rich Murray, MA Room For All1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505rmforall@gmail.com505-501-2298rich.murray11 Skype audio, video tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messagesgroups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages |
| 撮影日 | 2008-12-12 22:35:13 |
| 撮影者 | rmforall@gmail.com , Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505, USA |
| 撮影地 |