Seven Centuries in Cadishead And Irlam part two. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Seven Centuries in Cadishead And Irlam part two. / Irlam,Cadishead,Rixton with Glazebrook old photos
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-継承 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Seven Centuries in Irlam, part two from the Cadishead and Irlam Guardian 1970.river which for a long period remained nearer to the centre of population in the village.Cottage pointerSome idea of the direction of the road can be taken today from the thatched cottage, formerly the blacksmith's house, which now stands back from Liverpool Road near Hayes Road. It will be seen the house lies at an angle to the present road since the old road went past the front of this cottage towards Hayes Road and then turned back along Green Lane to return to its present route to Hollins Green.Important changes came in the second half of the 18th century for the development of mining and manufacturing led to the increased use of wheeled vehicles which did much harm to the unpaved highways. Road-making techniques were much improved, and instead of the parochial system of highway administration, the turnpike trusts were established to exact tolls as a means of raising funds for the improvement and maintenance of sections of the roads.Stagecoach era.The improvement in the state of roads brought about in this way made possible the start of the stagecoach era. After the completion of the Liverpool to Warrington Road in the 1760's a twice-weekly stagecoach service was started between Manchester and Liverpool.In 1774 the route for this service was changed so that the coaches travelled from Manchester through Irlam, Cadishead and Hollins Green three times a week. They did the journey from Manchester to Liverpool in a day and the inside fare for the whole journey was eight shillings. The outside fare would be less.Until 1826, however, there was only one toll bar or turnpike on this part of the Warrington-Manchester road and this was at Martinscroft. In 1826 the turnpike road from Martinscroft was extended and a toll bar was set up at Higher Irlam near to the present Irlam Urban District boundary.Disaster.After passing through the Higher Irlam Toll bar the coaches sometimes stopped at Irlam Hall and the Coach and Horses Hotel in Cadishead, which were stages for passengers to board and alight. There were also stables at the Black Swan Hotel in Hollins Green where the coach horses were changed.By that time the coaches had reached their heyday. After 1830 the railways began to drive them off the roads and the coming of the Manchester-Liverpool Railway spelt disaster for the coaches which covered the same journey.The railway was quicker and cheaper, people could travel in greater comfort and the trains were capable of handling larger quantitites of goods and larger numbers of passengers.As a result of the competition from the railways and other losses of income caused by the abolition of statute labour, the Irlam and Warrington Turnpike Trust fell into greater debt and the road had to be maintained chiefly out of local rates. In consequence of the bankrupsy of the trusts, parishioners found themselves in the position of having to maintain roads which they could not use without paying toll.A more satisfactory solution of the problem was found in the Local Government Act of 1888. The repair of all main roads was then made the responsiblity of the newly created county councils. The Lancashire County Council soon decided to class Liverpool Road as a main road and assumed responsibility for its maintainance and improvement. The situation remains the same today. The toll bar at Higher Irlam was not demolished until 1893, however. Up to that time the farmers from the Moss used the toll bar as a meeting place for their horse-drawn wagons when they were taking their farm produce to Smithfield Market in Manchester.Hollins GreenHollins Green first broke into the news in 1352 when a murder was committed near the ferry there. No earlier reference to the village is known.At various times the village has been called Hollins, Hollins Green, Hollinfare (or Hollin Ferry) and when the church was licensed in 1498, it was called the church at Hollinfare Green.The village has most often been called Hollins Green or Hollinfare. The first part of the name is from the Old English "holegn" meaning "holly." The ending, "fare", is from the Old English "foer", meaning ferry or ford, or any kind of passage way - just as when we pay our bus "fare" we pay our passage by bus.A Saxon fort once occupied the Warburton side to guard the ferry and when the Scots threatened to invade England in 1715 the people of Warburton paid for a soldier to guard the ferry. This sentinel stood guard on the Warburton side.InvasionIn 1745 the invasion took place, and the Scots, under Bonnie Prince Charlie, went as far south as Derby before turning back. They came back at various points along the Mersey, and to try to "corner" the Scots, the ferries were destroyed.The ferry float at Hollins Green was destroyed, and was only repaired later at a cost of £120 raised by public subscription.In the early days the Rixtons, of Rixton Hall, were lords of the manor. They led parties of local men to join the Butlers, of Warrington, in the wars against the Scots and French. Richard of Rixton was wounded in the battle of Flodden against the Scots, and returned to Rixton Hall to die.In later years the Mascys, a family which owned land in Bowden and Dunham Massey, married into the Rixton family, and lived at Rixton Hall. One of these Mascys - Hamlet Mascy - founded Hollinfare Church in 1498.Water MillThe Rixton and Glazebrook mosses were not drained until the 1870s when the new land attracted farmers from other parts of the country.At this time there was a water mill in a field behind the present cemetery, a few yards from the main road. Behind it stretched a large mill dam. This gave its name to Dam Lane, and Dam Head Lane. The mill was pulled down about 1880.Hollins Green first had a post office in 1890 with Robert Lees as postmaster. A post office was established in 1900 at Mr Baguley's shop in Glazebrook, but lapsed through lack of business. A wall letterbox was built in Glazebrook Bridge at this time. Hollins Green first had a police station in 1887.The first Wesleyan Church later called the Methodist Church was built at Rixton in 1843. This was taken down in 1904 and the present church and school premises built on the site.A Wesleyan Methodist Society existed before 1843 when meetings were held in members' homes.Village changes.Between 1880 and 1900, Hollins Green went through great changes. During these years the old Rixton Corn Mill was pulled down, the church rebuilt, the old school pulled down, the hearse house removed, the new school enlarged, a post office and police station appeared, the ferry and ferry boats went out of existence, new Methodist Churches were built and some old inns underwent changes. The last days of wakes and fairs were near at hand, the toll bars had been removed and instead of stage coaches, communication with Warrington and Manchester was by carriers' carts and the new railway, built ablout 1872.A great change was brought about by the Ship Canal in 1894. Before that time, packet boats were sailing up and down the Mersey, as well as the Bridgewater Canal, taking passengers to and from Liverpool.The construction of the Ship Canal not only meant the end of the ferry, the packet boats, the Boat Inn, and the building of the high-level bridge at Warburton but it meant more people were finding employment outside the village in the new works which sprang up along the canal side.Woolden HallWoolden Hall lies on the western boundary of the Irlam Urban District and can be reached from Glazebrook Lane by means of a narrow track across the River Glaze or along farm roads which continue on to the Mossland at the end of New Moss Road in Cadishead.The lands of Great Woolden, Little Woolden and most of Cadishead originally belonged to the Church of Rome and a monastery, Whalley Abbey, was situated near Clitheroe.The land came into the possesion of Sir Thomas Holcroft during the reign of Henry VIII as a reward for his vigorous suppression of the monasteries, including Whalley Abbey. Later this hall was built by one of his descendants, another Thomas Holcroft, so that the family could administer their estate. The hall was built in or about 1595.Like Holcroft Hall, in 1619 the ownership passed into the hands of Ralph Calvely, of Saighton, near Chester, who was a trustee of Alice Fitton, the daughter and heiress of Thomas Holcroft. His son, John Calvely, succeeded him and remained tenant until his death in 1634, when Charles I gave Cadishead, Great Woolden and Little Woolden to Sir Kenelm Digby.In 1652, during the supremacy of the Puritan Commonwealth, the Holcrofts regained possession and the place was described as the Manor of Cadishead. They were still in possession in 1680 but at the turn of the century it went back to the Calvelys.Then in 1723, Richard Calvely sold Great Woolden to Mr Edward Poole, of Warrington and his wife, Mary. Their son, Cudworth Poole, became the Vicar of Eccles.Later, the heirs of Mr Poole sold it to the Duke of Bridgewater, whose trustees are the present owners.Little WooldenLittle Woolden, or Woolden House, is a Georgian-style mansion built about 200 years ago and can be seen further along Glazebrook Lane.The estate on which the mansion stands was also owned by Mr Richard Calvely and early in the eighteenth century it was sold by him to a Mr Leach, of Warrington.Then it was sold to Mr John Borron, who was a wealthy businessman of Warrington.Mr John Borron decided to build a residence, Woolden House, on his estate, and he being a town man, the architecture of the mansion is similar to the town house styles of the day. Four hundred acres of Chat Moss were attached to the Little Woolden estate, about one half of which were cultivated and planted by Mr Borron.Irlam HallThere have been three Irlam Halls in this district, all built on the same site near the River Irwell.The earliest dated from Anglo-Saxon times when a small building of "wattle and daub" material was built.In 1595 the hall came for a brief period into the possession of the Stanleys, and since it was not big enough, it was rebuilt in the Elizabethan style and the old hall removed.Mr John Greaves, inherited the hall from his father in 1805 and was responsible for rebuilding it in the later Gothic Revival style (early-Victorian) and he added a tower and Gothic-style fittings.In 1891 Irlam Hall came into the possession of Mr George Thomas, whose name, by his good deeds and generosity, has become well-known in the locality. His last act of philanthropy was to bequest the hall and his entire estate to the local authority, who took over responsibility soon after Mr Thomas's death in 1927. Shortly after this the Council removed the entrance lodge and gates, and in 1935 Irlam Hall Farm and some outbuildings of the estate were demolished.In 1948 it was necessary to demolish the tower of the hall to prevent it collapsing on to other parts. The estimated cost of repairing the hall and restoring it to its original condition was £20,000-£25,000.In 1950 when the Council started to discuss the possibilty of having the hall demolished, some local residents raised a petition but in 1951 H.M. Inspector of Ancient Monuments reported that the building was almost beyond repair.The Council then decided the hall would have to be demolished and this job was completed on June 23, 1952.Image: Lords Street in Cadishead is one of the oldest roads in this district and was marked out as a track by the earliest inhabitants of this area. It originally went for a considerable distance along the side of the River Glaze. It is seen here as it looked at the beginning of the 20th century. |
| 撮影日 | 2018-08-18 13:22:35 |
| 撮影者 | Irlam,Cadishead,Rixton with Glazebrook old photos |
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