Alawoona. The old Methodist Church built in 1933. It closed in 1968. The small stone building behind it was the first Methodist Church in Alawoona built in 1918 and used until the 1933 church opened. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Alawoona. The old Methodist Church built in 1933. It closed in 1968. The small stone building behind it was the first Methodist Church in Alawoona built in 1918 and used until the 1933 church opened. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Alawoona.Alawoona, once an important rail junction in the Murray Mallee is located in the Hundred of Allen which was part of the Brown’s Well District Council when it was formed in 1916. The railway line through Alawoona was surveyed in 1909 and tenders were called in 1911 and the line was completed through Alawoona to Brown’s Well by January 1913. Alawoona was the junction for the line to Loxton and the line east to Meribah, Paringa and eventually Renmark. Alawoona had a large refreshment rooms set up by 1914. Farming land around Alawoona was taken up in 1914 with most blocks being over 1,000 acres in size. By 1920 the district produced over 200,000 bushels of wheat and significant amounts of oats and hay. The town of Alawoona was surveyed in May 1914. Alawoona in the local Aboriginal language means “ a place of hot dry winds.” The town had 70 housing blocks bounded by a west, south, east and railway terrace and beyond that were about 30 “suburban blocks” of several acres each. The first town school in 1914 was a wooden room which was later replaced with a fine stone school around 1926. In the meantime the school moved into the first Institute when it was completed in 1916. Work began and the stone Institute and hall in 1916 and basically in that year. The current Institute was an entirely new building competed in 1928 and it is still in use. It cut its links to the Institutes Association in 1981 and became the Alawoona Hall. Alawoona School eventual had some secondary classes but when the school closed in 1967 the high school students went to either Loxton High School or Brown’s Well Area School near Paruna. The Lutherans built Bethlehem church in Alawoona in 1934. It closed in the 1990s. The Methodists also built a church in Alawoona in 1933. This Methodist Church closed in 1968. The Anglicans opened their tiny besser block church in Alawoona in 1963 which still exists but not as a church. Pastoralism in the Murray Mallee.The first pastoralist in the entire region was William Butcher who took up Pinnaroo Station leasehold in 1869. He had 338 square miles from what is now Lameroo through Pinnaroo northwards to Peebinga. The original water soak near Peebinga, originally frequented by the local Aboriginal people, was named Butcher’s Soak. Butcher sank a well and built a shepherd’s hut and not much else. In 1878 his leasehold land was passed on to John Hensley, the man considered to be the pioneer of the district. His runs extended to Parilla occupying 500 square miles and they were managed by two of his sons. The only contact with the outside world was an eight day bullock dray trip to Bordertown. The Hensleys built a fine homestead, sank wells and erected fences. But pastoralism was not successful in the Murray Mallee. Too many sheep were lost to dingoes, the Mallee scrub was so thick that sheep were lost, rabbits devoured any suitable grasses and sheep wandered away from the wells and died of thirst. By 1885 the Hensley’s had lost £20,000 on their Pinnaroo station venture. They tried cattle instead of sheep but this was no more successful. In 1898 they abandoned Pinnaroo Station. The Murray Mallee had gained a reputation for being useless and so it ended up being the last area opened up for cereal farming in the early 20th century. Nearby Parilla Station was taken up in 1876 by R Crabb but it too was abandoned by 1889. Pastoralism had failed. The Undeveloped Murray Mallee. Not all of the Murray Mallee lands were developed. The Ngarkat Aboriginal people roamed these lands before the pastoralists arrived. The vegetation varied according to the soil or whether the area was on a sand ridge or on a clay pan. Mallee eucalypts (several species) and heath vegetation (banksia, melaleuca, tea tree, swamp oak, and native pine) all provided a rich habitat for native animals, and the Ngarkat people. As mentioned above the area abounded with dingo, kangaroo, emu, echidna, dunnarts, native mouse, possums, snakes, malleefowl etc. The poorer soil areas of the Mallee were left undisturbed by settlement. Then the 1929 depression and World War Two put paid to concepts of land development (except for the Ninety Mile Desert transformed by the addition of trace elements in the early 1950s) and these large tracts of undeveloped land became conservation parks in the 1950s and 1960s. Ngarkat Park to the south of this region along with a couple of smaller conservation parks abuts equally large conservation parks in Victoria which total around two million acres of natural vegetation. These areas are the largest uncleared tracts of land in SA and Victoria. In spring the native flowers and plants are a blaze of colour. Peebinga Conservation Park was first gazetted in 1940. Ngarkat Conservation Park which covers over 270,000 hectares (400,000 acres) was gazetted in the 1950s. The ground water under the Murray Mallee is a huge resource. When the government declared an irrigation zone for this region in the early 1980s it was estimated that if all water licensees used 100% of their entitlements in 300 years less than 16% of the resource would have been used. So today the old government wells and the Aboriginal water soaks have been replaced by bores into the sub artesian basin with mechanical pumps- no windmills are in sight. |
| 撮影日 | 2016-01-08 11:52:42 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | DSC-HX30V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1250) |
| 開放F値 | f/3.5 |