Penwortham near Clare. Foundation stone marked 1850 of the Anglican Church. It received a glebe lands grant of 20 acres. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Penwortham near Clare. Foundation stone marked 1850 of the Anglican Church. It received a glebe lands grant of 20 acres. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | Penwortham.Penwortham is a significant place in the Mt Lofty Ranges as the highest peak in the Clare Valley is to the east, Mt Horrocks at about 600 metres above sea level, or nearly 2,000 feet. That is where the Hill River rises. To the west of Penwortham Skillogalee Creek rises and flows down to the Wakefield River near Auburn. This area was first explored by John Hill on possibly a solo expedition in April of 1839 when he discovered the Clare Valley and named the Hutt River which flows through the centre of Clare township and the Wakefield River. His reports of this district aroused great interest in Adelaide. In June 1839 Edward John Eyre led a team of explorers through the region and that was when he discovered the river that flows from Mt Horrocks which Eyre named Hill River after John Hill the earlier explorer. This area has the highest rainfall north of Adelaide 632 mm or 25 inches compared with Adelaide’s 20.5 inches. Encouraged by Eyre John Horrocks and a servant rode to the Clare Valley and picked Penwortham as a spot to take up land believing he was on the Hutt River when in fact he was nearer Hill River. John Horrocks established his Hope Farm at Penwortham and built his first cottage there in 1839. He was squatting on the land. But 1839 was the one year in which the SA government was allowing Special Surveys of 15,000 acres from which the speculator could claim 4,000 acres of surveyed land for £4,000. A group of nine men clubbed together for the Hutt River Special Survey in 1839 but it was 1841 before the survey actually happened. The Hutt River Special Survey was lodged in December 1839 by John and Peter Horrocks (brothers), John Morphett on behalf of himself and Francis Wilson, Henry Rigge, John King of Calcutta and Edward Gleeson. Osmond Gilles and John Bristow Hughes also participated in this survey. Gilles put his nephew Daniel Oakden in charge of his Hutt River lands thus making him one of Horrock’s earliest neighbours. The Horrocks brothers took 960 acres, Edward Gleeson took 500 acres upon which he later established Clare, Osmond Gilles took 80 acres as did John Bristow Hughes who built up Bundaleer station. Thus began the furthest settlement from Adelaide in 1839 although most settlers only moved to the district in 1841 or 1842. For a short time this was the only white settlement north of Gawler. Other squatters including the Hawker brothers soon moved into these well-watered districts over the next couple of years. In Penwortham Horrocks was soon joined by a publican who opened the Derby Arms Hotel in 1841 as Horrocks established his private town of Penwortham which was named after Horrock’s birthplace in Lancashire. 1842 was the year in which John Ainsworth Horrocks laid the first stones of his Hope Farm residence and another settler started on a flour mill but it was not completed and working until 1858! By 1842 John Horrocks had a flock of 3,500 sheep as well as cattle at Penwortham and he was employing about 20 men on his station. By the time John Horrocks died in 1846 Penwortham had a butcher, a general store, the hotel, a school room and a blacksmith. The next year Penwortham received its first Post Office and a couple of years later the village received a glebe land grant of around 20 acres for an Anglican Church from the state government. St Mark’s Anglican Church was started in 1850 and completed in 1855. A Wesleyan Methodist church as built in Penwortham in 1858 but was demolished in 1968 and replaced with a memorial cairn! After John Horrocks fatal gun accident at Lake Gill the trustees of his estate had the town formally surveyed in 1848 and 36 freehold town blocks offered for sale to settlers. At Lake Gill in the Flinders Ranges Horrocks with others was on an exploration and hunting trip. As Horrocks went to reload his gun one evening a cantankerous camel moved and Horrocks accidentally shot himself destroying fingers on one hand and removing teeth and part of one jaw bone. Horrocks returned to Penwortham and died there three weeks later of his injuries but his explorations had shown the advantages of using camels for desert exploration trips. John Horrocks was buried in the Anglican cemetery in Penwortham but his brother Arthur stayed on farming near Mintaro (Kadlunga) until 1860. His Hope Farm house was demolished in 1915 to make way for the new railway line from Riverton to Clare. Horrocks original cottage was sold in 1858 and became the town Post Office for some time. After many owners the Mount Horrocks Historical Society leased the cottage from 1996 and was able to purchase it in 2001. It is now on the Register of the National Estate and restored for posterity and as an acknowledgement of life of John Horrocks. |
| 撮影日 | 2015-10-23 09:53:15 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | DSC-HX30V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.006 sec (1/160) |
| 開放F値 | f/3.2 |