Mundulla. Cannawingra Congregational Church also used as a state school from 1901 to 1957. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Mundulla. Cannawingra Congregational Church also used as a state school from 1901 to 1957. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | Big Gum Country. Like the rest of the Tatiara area Mundulla had a pastoral era before farming settlement began. Before Inspector Tolmer pioneered the Gold Escort Route through the Ninety Mile Desert two avid pastoralists got through it in 1845 and discovered the big gum country of the Tatiara. They were named Scott and McLeod. Next came Binnie and Lawson up from the South East. These four all got pastoral lease stations in the Tatiara in 1845 bringing to an end the local Aboriginal occupation and usage of the district. The names of these original four stations live on in the Tatiara- John and Charles Scott took up Cannawigara; Loudon McLeod had Nalang; John Binnie had Wirrega; and Robert Lawson went further south and took up Padthaway. Scott’s lease covered the Bordertown site (86 square miles) although he later also took up Pine Hill just to the north of the town as well. When George Goyder became Surveyor General in 1865 he revalued the Tatiara runs. McLeod’s Nalang run rents jumped from £2/9 a square mile to £16/13 a square mile. Goyder could see the richness of the Tatiara district! Like many early leaseholders Binnie for example, purchased a small freehold property from within his run on which to build Wirrega homestead in 1857; Loudon McLeod bought 160 acres to build his Nalang homestead also in 1857. The wool produced from all the runs here was carted by drays across the sand ridges and country to Kingston, the nearest port. Scott built his homestead called Cannawigara on his 86 square miles but the government reduced his run to a mere 23 square miles in 1872 when it declared the Tatiara Agricultural Area. An act of parliament in 1872, the Waste Lands Alienation Act was a follow on act from the 1869 Strangways Act. This 1872 act meant pastoral runs both within Goyder’s Line (this was repealed in the 1874 act much to the chagrin of many later selectors) would be broken up in particular areas such as the Tatiara and farmers could select 640 acre blocks at about £1 per acre but with special conditions attached. Selectors or farmers did not have to pay up front. Ten percent deposit was required only with the balance due within five years time. Selectors had to reside on their blocks, they had to improve the land with dams and fences and one fifth had to be in grain. It was presumed most would grow wheat but that was not a requirement of the 1872 act. As a result of the act the first “hundreds” of Tatiara in 1871 and Wirrega in 1882 were declared. But what did the early selectors or farmers produce in the Tatiara? It was not economically viable for early farmers to grow wheat for the intercolonial or international market because of freight costs. So they generally opted for mixed horticulture and farming in the decade or so before the railway reached Custon. Wheat was grown and turned into flour but for local consumption in the Tatiara. The bran was used for raising pigs and poultry; most farmers grazed some sheep on their 640 acres and they experimented with hops, fig trees, vines, almonds, willows for osiers etc. Hay was extensively grown for fodder for cattle and farm horses. Everyone kept a few cows for a milk supply, whey for the pigs, butter making and meat. Thus the first flour mill in the district opened near Mundulla in 1874. It remained in use till the mid 1880s after the arrival the railway from Kingston.One of the interesting features of the Hundred of Tatiara was the inclusion of University Block no 3 of 10,000 acres of land. The University of Adelaide was established in 1874 and the government offered several lots of virgin land to the university which it could use to raise funds for operation costs. In 1877 the Tatiara Block was given freehold to the University. They leased it to Nalang station until 1879 when it was divided into 30 farms of around 320 acres each, plus some roads. The land was leased quickly but because the leases were only for 14 years no improvements were generally made to the land and it was used for grazing purposes. In 1908 the SA government re-purchased the freehold from the University. It then terminated the leases and re-surveyed it into 18 farms of about 550 acres each and sold the freehold in 1911. By then the selectors had 35 years in which to pay off their mortgages to the state government. 150 acres was taken back in 1881 for the railway to Custon and a further 30 acres was set aside for a reserve around Lake Choopawhip.Mundulla.Mundalla takes its name from a local Aboriginal word “mantala” which means place of thunder! The town takes its foundation from 1872 following the 1872 selection settlement act. The survey placed the town beside a swamp and adjoining Binnie’s Wirrega station and his freehold homestead block. It was officially gazetted in 1873 and the first store and Post Office in a slab hut opened for business in mid 1874. The flour mill also opened in 1874 and the District Council of Wirrega was incorporated in 1875. The first public building, suggested by Reverend Milne a local Congregational minister was a community hall. Milne had wanted a church/hall in the town. A resident donated a ¼ acre block and fund raising financed the erection of a hall, not a church, in 1878. Rev Milne conducted Congregation church services in the hall along with the Anglicans from 1880 and the Methodists from 1885. A private school started up in the hall in 1878 with the local Board of Education taking responsibility for renting the Mundulla Hall in 1880. When the remaining sections of the Hundred of Wirrega were offered for sale in 1881 the population around Mundulla increased. The Mundulla store which had been vacant for some years was re-opened by Mr Stoddart. Although the store continued operating it had to move premises in 1884 when the Mundulla Hotel was licensed to operate from the former general store. The other early public building was the Council of Wirrega chambers in 1886. They were only used until 1903 when the Council Chambers were moved to Bordertown.Next came the stone public school classroom which was completed in 1891 after the government had taken control of the Mundulla School. (Another classroom was added in 1926.) The Mundulla Hall was still used for church services around 1900 and as the town grew it had to be replaced with a larger hall. This happened in 1909. Shortly after an Institute was formed in the town and it took over the responsibility of the former hall. (A third public hall was built in 1957.) They also hired the old Wirrega Council Chambers from 1914 as a reading room for the Institute. The main public event in the town since 1890 has been the Mundulla Show which is still held annually. The wife of the first successful store keeper, Mrs. Stoddart was a most successful exhibitor even whilst her husband was the Show Secretary. In 1893, for example she got first prize for: Scotch scone; pound cake; sponge cake; honey cake; collection of cakes; jam of any kind; jellied jam; marmalade; collection of jams; bottle of pickles; bottle of tomato sauce; three bottles of homemade beer; honey in comb; but she only got a second prize for extracted honey! Early exhibits and judging classes in the Mundulla Show included: grains, potatoes, fodder plants, maize, lucerne, floral designs, native flora, pears, apples, grapes, cattle, sheep, horses, wool, and meat and sheep dog trials. Ladies were admitted to the Show for free but men had to pay an entrance fee!Despite the prominence of Congregationalists in the Tatiara the Methodists were the first to build a church in Mundulla. Services had been held in the hall from 1885 and they were moved into the new church in 1905. This old church was demolished in 1969 and replaced by a modern church. The Anglicans were next to open a church, a small wooden one in 1912. It was demolished in 1981 and replaced by a stone Anglican church. The third church erected was the Church of Christ. They began services in the hall in 1900 and then moved into their own timber frame church in 1914. For those who choose to walk around the Nalang Creek and the Moot Yang Gunya Swamp you can expect to see swamp vegetation (e.g. nardoo, rushes etc), Rive Red gums, birds including Bush Stone Curlew, kookaburras, Australian Wood Ducks, cockatoos etc. Clayton Farm. In 1872 August Wiese selected 680 acres as a selector. He grew wheat, oats and grazed sheep and cattle. The Wiese family owned the farm until 1981. The original 2 roomed cottage used from 1872 to 1885 was replaced by the current homestead in 1885. Of special note on the farm is the big shed with river red gum uprights and thatch. It is classified by the National Trust and is used for part of the farm implement display. |
| 撮影日 | 2013-01-02 02:21:46 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | DSC-HX30V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1250) |
| 開放F値 | f/3.2 |